Recently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of the Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035), and issued a notice requesting all regions and departments to seriously implement the plan in conjunction with the actual situation.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of the Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035), which states that domestic production and supply capacity will be enhanced. Promote the increase of domestic oil and gas reserves and production, and strengthen the development of onshore and offshore oil and gas. Promote stable and increased production of shale gas, and enhance the scale of shale oil development. Guiding and encouraging social capital to enter the field of oil and gas exploration and exploitation. Steadily promote coal-based oil and gas, and plan and build strategic coal-based oil and gas bases. In-depth implementation of the strategic action of finding breakthroughs in mining, carrying out surveys on the status of strategic mineral resources and evaluation of their potential, actively carrying out deep and peripheral mining searches in existing mines, and extending the service life of mines. Continuously promote the construction of intelligent and green mines.

中共中央 国务院印发《扩大内需战略规划纲要（2022－2035年）

Firmly implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand and fostering a complete domestic demand system is an inevitable choice to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with a large domestic cycle as the mainstay and dual domestic and international cycles promoting each other, and is a strategic decision to promote the long-term development and long-term stability of China. In order to promote the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand, this planning outline is formulated in accordance with the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Vision 2035.

I. Planning Background

(1) China has achieved remarkable results in expanding domestic demand

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th Party Congress, China has continued to improve the quality of domestic supply while deeply participating in the international industrial division of labour, focusing on releasing domestic market demand and promoting the formation of a strong domestic market, and the supporting role of domestic demand for economic development has been significantly enhanced.

 The fundamental role of consumption continued to be strengthened. The share of final consumption expenditure in GDP remained above 50% for 11 consecutive years. Traditional consumption such as housing and transportation consumption grew significantly, with the per capita housing floor area of urban residents steadily increasing and new car sales ranking first in the world for 13 consecutive years. New forms and modes of consumption are developing rapidly, with online retail sales of physical goods accounting for 24.5% of total retail sales of consumer goods in 2021 and per capita consumption expenditure on services accounting for 44.2% of per capita consumption expenditure.

The key role of investment was better played. The proportion of China's total capital formation to GDP remained at a reasonable level, providing strong support for optimising the supply structure and promoting steady economic development. The level of infrastructure construction was raised across the board, with the opening of a comprehensive national transport corridor accelerated and a number of major water conservancy facilities completed and put into use. 5G and other new infrastructure construction was accelerated, significant achievements were made in the construction of major science and technology projects, and investment in high-tech industries continued to grow at a relatively fast pace. Shortcomings and weaknesses in areas such as healthcare, ecology and environmental protection, agriculture and rural areas, and education were expedited.

The domestic market operation mechanism has been improved. The construction of a high-standard market system was accelerated, the reform of "management and administration" continued to deepen, the business environment was continuously optimized, the market allocation of factors, the property rights system and other key reforms were steadily promoted, the circulation system was accelerated and improved, the social security system was gradually perfected, the formation of a comprehensive urban and rural basic public service system was accelerated, and market vitality was effectively stimulated.

The international and domestic markets have become more closely linked. With a GDP of over RMB 110 trillion, China has become the world's second largest consumer market for commodities, leading to a continuous expansion in the scale and structure of imports. International economic and trade cooperation has been solidly promoted, the construction of highlands for opening up to the outside world has made remarkable progress, China has become one of the most attractive countries for the inflow of foreign investment, the quality of foreign investment utilised has been continuously improved, and our market and the global market have further developed in a coordinated and mutually beneficial manner.

(ii) Significance

The implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand is a realistic need to meet people's aspirations for a better life. China's economy has shifted from a stage of high speed growth to a stage of high quality development, with new features in development requirements and conditions, especially the people's aspiration for a better life has generally shifted from "whether" to "whether", showing diversified, multi-level and multi-faceted characteristics. It has diversified, multi-layered and multi-faceted characteristics. To resolve the contradiction between people's growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, strengthen our roots, promote our strengths, mend our shortcomings and reinforce our weaknesses, satisfy the needs of the people by increasing the supply of high-quality products and services, promote all-round human development and social progress, and promote a virtuous cycle of supply and demand at a higher level.

The implementation of the strategy to expand domestic demand is a proactive choice to give full play to the advantages of a mega market. The economy of a large country has the distinctive feature of being dominated by domestic demand. The domestic demand market is linked to economic development at one end and to the livelihood of society at the other, and is the main support for economic development. After more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has gradually developed advantages in market demand, industrial system, human resources, soft and hard infrastructure and other aspects of the mega market, laying the foundation for cultivating a complete domestic demand system. To further give full play to the advantages of the mega market, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, expand consumer consumption and effective investment, enhance the resilience of economic development and promote sustainable and healthy economic development.

The implementation of the strategy to expand domestic demand is an inevitable requirement to cope with the profound changes in the international environment. The world's unprecedented changes have accelerated, the international power contrast has been profoundly adjusted, the impact of the new pneumonia epidemic is extensive and far-reaching, the imbalance and uncertainty of world economic growth has increased, and unilateralism, protectionism and hegemony pose threats to world peace and development. In the face of the complex and severe external environment, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and effectively respond to external risk challenges with our own stable development.

The implementation of the strategy to expand domestic demand is a key support to promote the economic cycle more efficiently. The key to building a new development pattern lies in the unimpeded flow of the economic cycle. To promote a smoother domestic cycle, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, unblock the economic cycle and consolidate the domestic base; to achieve a mutually reinforcing domestic and international cycle, we must also firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, better rely on the large domestic market, effectively use global factors and market resources, more efficiently realize the connection between domestic and external markets, and promote the development of a higher level of domestic cycle.

(iii) Opportunities and challenges

Entering a new stage of development, the foundation of China's domestic market is more solid, and the environmental conditions for implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand have changed profoundly. Looking ahead to the coming period, the domestic market will dominate the national economic cycle more clearly, consumption has become the main driving force of China's economic growth, and the optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption combined with modern technology and production methods, China, the world's most promising consumer market, will continue to grow and expand. China is at a stage of rapid development of new industrialisation, informatisation, urbanisation and agricultural modernisation, and compared with developed countries, there is still much room for investment in many areas, with huge potential for investment demand. At the same time, the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics are remarkable, macroeconomic governance capacity continues to improve, reform and innovation continue to breed new development momentum, the construction of a large national unified market is accelerated, the institutional environment for the circulation of commodities and factors continues to improve, the quality and allocation level of China's production factors are significantly improved, and the domestic market space becomes more extensive.

At the same time, we should see that China is still facing many constraints in expanding domestic demand. Factors such as labour, land and the environment tend to constrain investment growth, innovation capacity cannot fully adapt to the requirements of high-quality development, and it is difficult to effectively meet the individualized and diversified consumption needs of the masses; the gap between urban and rural regional development and income distribution is wide, there are shortcomings in the protection of people's livelihood, the hidden risks in financial and fiscal areas cannot be ignored, and there are still many institutional and institutional blockages that restrict the release of domestic demand potential; international competition is becoming increasingly fierce. There is still a long way to go to turn China into a "gravitational field" for international high-end factor resources.

From a comprehensive point of view, China's expansion of domestic demand opportunities and challenges are new developments, the overall opportunities exceed the challenges. We must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, accurately grasp the laws of the development of the domestic market, prepare for a rainy day, avoid harm, nurture the first opportunity in the crisis, open a new bureau in the change, constantly release the potential of domestic demand, give full play to the role of domestic demand pull, build a stronger domestic market, and promote the steady, healthy and sustainable development of our economy.

 II. General requirements

 (iv) Guiding principles

Guided by Xi Jinping's thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, adhering to the general keynote of seeking progress in a stable manner, based on a new stage of development, implementing the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, building a new development pattern, with the theme of promoting high-quality development, deepening structural reform on the supply side as the main line, reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, meeting the people's growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, adhering to the system We will firmly grasp the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand, accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, strengthen demand-side management, promote the formation of a strong domestic market, focus on unblocking the domestic economic cycle, promote a positive interaction between domestic and international cycles, promote the stability of our economy, social stability and harmony, and lay a solid foundation for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.

(v) Working Principles

-- Adhere to the leadership of the Party and give full play to the advantages of the system. The Party's leadership role of overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties, implementing the Party's requirements of setting the direction, planning the overall situation, setting policies and promoting reforms, implementing the Party's leadership in the whole process of implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand, giving full play to the significant advantages of our national system and national governance system in many aspects, and providing fundamental guarantees for the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand.

--Adhere to the people's position and promote people's well-being. Adhere to the people as the centre, to meet the growing needs of the people for a better life as the starting point and anchor point of expanding domestic demand, always achieve development for the people, development relies on the people, the fruits of development shared by the people, solidly promote common prosperity, and constantly enhance the people's sense of access, happiness and security.

-- Adhere to the top-level design and serve the overall strategy. Adhering to the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand, leading and creating new demand with innovation-driven, high-quality supply, making the expansion of domestic demand an important support for building a new development pattern, promoting quality change, efficiency change and power change, and promoting a dynamic balance between supply and demand at a higher level.

--Adhere to reform and opening up, and enhance the internal dynamics. We will unswervingly use reform to unleash and stimulate market potential, combine an effective market with a proactive government, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better play the role of the government, break down institutional and institutional barriers that restrict the growth of domestic demand, and continuously improve the efficiency of factor allocation and product distribution, while implementing a higher level of opening up to the outside world, making full use of international high-end factor resources, and continuously strengthening the domestic market At the same time, we will implement a higher level of opening up to the outside world, make full use of international high-end factor resources and continue to enhance the vitality of the domestic market.

-- Adhere to the system concept and strengthen synergy and efficiency. Strengthen forward thinking, global planning, strategic layout and overall promotion, accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, coordinate the major relationships between supply and demand, consumption and investment, domestic and external demand, quantity and quality, domestic and international, speed and effectiveness, efficiency and equity, development and security, do the best we can, act within our means, and achieve unity in the quality, structure, scale, speed, effectiveness and security of development, so that The expansion of domestic demand will be a sustainable historical process.

(vi) Development Goals

The people's life will be better, the per capita income of urban and rural residents will reach a new level, the middle-income group will expand significantly, basic public services will be equalized, the gap between the development of urban and rural areas and the living standards of residents will be significantly reduced, and the common prosperity of all people will be more evident and substantial; the role of reform in supporting the development of domestic demand will be greatly enhanced, the high-standard market system will be more complete, and the modern circulation system will be fully developed. China's participation in global economic cooperation and competition has continued to grow, and the international influence of the domestic market has increased significantly.

Anchored by the 2035 vision, and taking into account the development environment and development conditions, the main objectives of the 14th Five-Year Plan period in implementing the strategy to expand domestic demand are

-- Promote consumption and investment, and achieve a new breakthrough in the scale of domestic demand. The fundamental role of consumption and the key role of investment were further enhanced. Domestic demand continued to develop healthily, quality and efficiency improved significantly, the advantages of the mega market were given full play, the domestic market became stronger, and significant progress was made in fostering a complete domestic demand system.

--Improve the distribution pattern and continuously release the potential of domestic demand. The distribution structure was significantly improved, the gap between urban and rural regional development and the gap between residents' living standards were gradually narrowed, and the real growth in per capita disposable income and economic growth were basically synchronized. The level of equalisation of basic public services continued to rise, the multi-level social security system became more complete, and the development of social undertakings accelerated.

--Enhance the quality of supply, and domestic demand was better met. Significant progress has been made in supply-side structural reform, the foundation of agriculture has become more solid, the proportion of manufacturing industries is basically stable, the construction of modern service industries has been accelerated, the foundation of the development of the real economy has been further consolidated, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries has been accelerated, the development of new industries and new business models has been accelerated, the innovation capacity has been significantly enhanced, the advanced level of the industrial base and the modernization of the industrial chain have been significantly improved, and the adaptability of the supply system to domestic demand has been continuously enhanced.

-- Improving the market system and stimulating domestic demand have achieved obvious results. A high-standard market system that is unified and open, competitive and orderly, with a complete system and sound governance has been basically built; the flow of commodities and factors between urban and rural areas has become smoother; significant progress has been made in reforming the property rights system and the market allocation of factors; the business environment has been continuously optimized; the fair competition system has been improved; and a modern circulation system has been established and improved.

--Smooth the economic cycle and continue to improve the efficiency of domestic demand development. A new system of a higher level of open economy has basically taken shape, and the degree of economic cooperation between China and its neighbouring regions has further deepened, with the driving effect on neighbouring and global economic development increasing.

(vii) Key tasks

Adhere to the problem-oriented, around the promotion of high-quality development, for China's medium and long-term expansion of domestic demand is facing the main problems, especially the effective supply capacity is insufficient, the distribution gap is large, the circulation system is not high modernization, the consumption system mechanism is not sound, the investment structure still needs to be optimized and other blockage and difficult points, the deployment of the implementation of the key tasks of the strategy to expand domestic demand.

Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system. We will combine the implementation of the strategy to expand domestic demand with the deepening of structural reform on the supply side, expand the domestic demand system in accordance with the whole chain of production, distribution, circulation, consumption and investment reproduction, and cultivate a complete domestic demand system consisting of improving the quality of supply, optimizing the distribution pattern, improving the circulation system, comprehensively promoting consumption and expanding investment space.

Promote the formation of a strong domestic market. Efforts will be made to tap the potential of domestic demand, especially by promoting new urbanisation and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas to unlock the potential of domestic demand and further increase the size of the domestic market. By optimising the market structure, improving the market mechanism, stimulating market vitality and enhancing market resilience, we will further strengthen the domestic market and promote its steady development and sustained increase in international influence.

Support the smooth flow of the domestic economic cycle. We will further promote the organic linkage and circular flow of various factor combinations to form a virtuous domestic economic cycle that will increase products and services, accumulate social wealth, enhance people's well-being and strengthen the country. With the support of a strong domestic economic cycle, efforts will be made to promote a high level of openness to the outside world, create a "gravitational field" for international high-end factor resources, better link domestic and international markets, enhance the efficiency and level of the domestic cycle with the international cycle, and achieve mutual promotion and progress of the domestic and international cycles.

3. Promote consumption comprehensively and accelerate the quality and upgrading of consumption

 Final consumption is a lasting driver of economic growth. In line with the trend of consumption upgrading, traditional consumption will be upgraded, new types of consumption will be nurtured, service consumption will be expanded, public consumption will be appropriately increased, and efforts will be made to meet the demand for personalised, diversified and high-quality consumption.

 (viii) Continued enhancement of traditional consumption

Improve the quality of basic consumption such as food and clothing. Strengthen guidance, enhance supervision and support innovation, promote increased supply of high-quality basic consumer goods, and promote the same standard and quality of products for domestic and overseas sales. Promote a healthy diet structure, increase the supply of healthy and nutritious agricultural products and foods, and promote the healthy development of the catering industry. Persevere in stopping catering waste.

Unleash the potential of travel consumption. Optimise the layout of urban transport networks and vigorously develop intelligent transport. Promote the transformation of car consumption from purchase management to use management. Promote the electrification, networking and intelligence of automobiles and strengthen the construction of supporting facilities such as car parks, charging piles, switching stations and hydrogen refuelling stations. Facilitate the trading of used cars.

Promote the healthy development of residential consumption. Adhere to the positioning of "houses are for living, not for speculation", strengthen the guidance of real estate market expectations, explore new development models, accelerate the establishment of a housing system with multiple main bodies of supply, multiple channels of protection, rent and purchase, and steadily implement a long-term mechanism for the stable and healthy development of the real estate market, support residents' reasonable demand for self-occupation, curb investment and speculative We should stabilize land prices, housing prices and expectations. Improve the basic system of housing security and support policies, and expand the supply of guaranteed rental housing, with emphasis on large cities with net population inflow. Develop shared ownership housing in accordance with local conditions. Improve the policy on long-term rental housing, and gradually make rental and purchase housing have the same rights in terms of access to public services. Improve the housing provident fund system. Promote the construction of barrier-free facilities, boost home improvement consumption, increase consumption of smart home appliances and promote the development of digital homes.

To better meet the consumption demand for mid-to-high-end consumer goods. Promote the healthy and orderly development of the duty-free industry. Promote national brands to strengthen their alignment with international standards, fully connect with domestic consumer demand, and increase the domestic supply of medium- and high-end consumer goods. Cultivate and build international consumption centre cities and create a number of regional consumption centres. Further promote the construction of an international tourism consumption centre in Hainan.

(ix) Active development of service consumption

Expand cultural and tourism consumption. Improve the modern cultural industry system and cultural market system, promote the development of quality cultural resources, and promote the creative transformation and innovative development of outstanding Chinese traditional culture. Encourage cultural and heritage units to develop various types of cultural and creative products based on the cultural resources in their collections, and expand the supply of quality cultural products and services. Vigorously develop holiday and leisure tourism. Expand diversified, personalised and customised tourism products and services. Accelerate the cultivation of island, cruise, low-altitude, desert and other tourism formats. Unleash the consumption potential of general aviation.

Increase consumption of elderly care and childcare services. Adapt to the process of population ageing, promote the synergistic development of the elderly care business and the elderly care industry, and accelerate the improvement of an elderly care service system that is coordinated with home and community institutions and combines medical care, health and recreation. Develop the silver-haired economy, promote age-appropriate renovation of public facilities, and develop age-appropriate technologies and products. Promote the integration of fertility policies with economic and social policies, reduce the burden of childbirth, parenting and education on families, improve the full range of services for eugenic births and parenting, and unleash the potential of fertility policies. Increase the supply of inclusive childcare and develop centrally managed and operated community childcare services.

Provide multi-level medical and health services. Comprehensively promote the construction of a healthy China, deepen the reform of the medical and health system, improve the public health system, and promote the high-quality development of public hospitals. Support social forces to provide multi-level and diversified medical services, encourage the development of general medical services, and increase the effective supply of specialist medical care and other niche service areas. Actively develop Chinese medicine and focus on increasing the availability of high-quality Chinese medical care, health care, rehabilitation and health tourism services. Actively develop personalised medical services. Strengthen occupational health protection. Improve standing epidemic prevention and control initiatives. Optimise the types of vaccines in the National Immunisation Programme in due course and gradually include safe, effective and financially affordable vaccines in the National Immunisation Programme.

To improve the quality of education services. Improving the national education system and promoting equity in education. Improve the mechanism for guaranteeing inclusive pre-school education and special education and specialised education. Promote the quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas. Consolidate and improve the level of universal access to senior secondary education. Focus on building world-class universities and first-class research institutes, and strengthen the construction of science and education infrastructure and platforms for the integration of industry and education. Improve the vocational and technical education and training system and enhance the adaptability of vocational and technical education. Encourage social forces to provide diversified education services, support and regulate the development of private education, comprehensively regulate the conduct of out-of-school education and training, steadily promote the reform of the classification and management of private education, and develop high-level Sino-foreign cooperative education.

Promote mass sports consumption. Deepen the implementation of the national fitness strategy, build a national trail system and promote the construction of sports parks. Take professional sports such as football and basketball as a starting point, improve the quality of sports events and consumer perception and experience, and promote the expansion and upgrading of the competition and performance industry. Develop new business models such as online fitness and online events. Promote ice and snow sports in the south, west and east, and encourage the masses to enjoy ice and snow.

Promote the quality and expansion of domestic services. Promote the professional, large-scale, networked and standardized development of domestic service industry, improve the standard system of domestic service, and develop staff-based domestic enterprises. Deepen the "leader" action to improve the quality and expand the capacity of the domestic service industry. Improve the quality of home economics services and training, promote the recognition of social vocational skills levels, and strengthen occupational risk protection for home economics workers. Promote the entry of home economics into the community and build a 24-hour full life chain service system. Encourage the development of high-end domestic services such as family housekeeping.

Improve the level of public services in the community. Build a community service system that combines public services, people-friendly services and voluntary mutual aid services, enhance community service functions, guide social forces to participate in the supply of community services, continuously improve the quality of community services and raise the level of intelligence of community services. Support the integration and innovation of home care, elderly care, childcare, property and other industries. Enhance the capacity and level of community epidemic prevention and control.

(x) Accelerate the cultivation of new types of consumption

Support the integrated development of offline and online commodity consumption. Accelerate the digital transformation and transformation and upgrading of traditional offline businesses. Enrich 5G network and gigabit optical network application scenarios. Accelerate the development of intelligent products and support the application of technologies such as self-driving and unmanned delivery. Develop new retail formats such as smart supermarkets, smart shops and smart restaurants. Improve the system of technical and service standards in new consumption areas, regulate the development of the platform economy in accordance with the law, and enhance the regulatory capacity of new business models.

Foster new models of "Internet+social services". To strengthen and improve online learning services, and promote the common construction and sharing of various digital education resources. Actively develop "Internet + medical and health" services, improve the policy of charging for Internet medical treatment, and incorporate qualified Internet medical services into the scope of medical insurance payment according to procedures. Deepen the development of online entertainment, encourage the online development of traditional offline cultural and entertainment industries, and support the creation of digital quality content and new digital resource dissemination platforms. Encourage the development of smart tourism, smart radio and television, and smart sports. Support the development of convenient online offices, contactless transaction services, etc.

Promote the development of new consumption modes such as the sharing economy. Expand new space for shared living, encourage intelligent upgrading of products and business model innovation in shared travel, shared accommodation and shared tourism, and improve standards related to shared products with public service attributes. Create new dynamics of shared production, encourage enterprises to open up platform resources and fully tap the potential of applying idle stock resources. Encourage manufacturing enterprises to explore the business models and applicable scenarios of shared manufacturing. Follow the trend of technological advances such as the Internet and information, and support and guide the healthy development of new ways of living and consumption.

Develop a new individual economy. Support diversified business models such as social e-commerce and webcasting, and encourage the development of innovative platforms based on knowledge dissemination and experience sharing. Support the standardised and orderly development of online diversified social and short video platforms, and encourage innovation in micro-applications, micro-products and micro-films.

(xi) vigorously promote green and low-carbon consumption

Actively develop a green and low-carbon consumer market. Improve mechanisms for the production and promotion of green and low-carbon products. Promote green renewal and quality upgrade of durable consumer goods for residents. Vigorously develop energy-saving and low-carbon buildings. Improve the green procurement system and increase government procurement of low-carbon products. Establish and improve green product standards, labelling and certification systems and mechanisms for realising the value of ecological products. Accelerate the construction of a recycling system for waste materials and regulate the development of the recycling industry for automobiles, power batteries, home appliances and electronic products.

Promote a green lifestyle that is frugal and intensive. Carry out in-depth green living creation. Promote the construction of green communities. Plan and build urban and rural infrastructure according to the concept of green low-carbon cycle. Advocate green and low-carbon travel, develop urban public transport and improve urban slow-moving transport systems. Improve urban ecological and ventilation corridors and upgrade urban greening. In-depth implementation of the National Water Conservation Initiative. Continuously promote the control of excessive packaging, advocate rational consumption by consumers, and promote the formation of a social atmosphere of "saving is honourable and waste is shameful".

IV. Optimize investment structure and expand investment space

 We will be able to grasp the direction of investment, remove obstacles to investment, focus on key areas and weak links, strive to increase investment in manufacturing, increase efforts to fill short boards in key areas, systematically lay out new infrastructure, focus on improving investment efficiency, promote reasonable growth in the scale of investment and continuous optimization of the structure, and enhance the strength of investment growth.

(xii) Increase support for investment in manufacturing

Focusing on promoting the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry and building a strong manufacturing country, we will guide all kinds of high-quality resources and elements to gather in the manufacturing industry. We will increase investment in the optimization and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries, expand investment in advanced manufacturing fields, and improve the quality and efficiency of the manufacturing supply system. Intensify the technological transformation of the manufacturing industry and support enterprises to apply innovative technologies and products to implement technological transformation. Improve the policy system to promote the development of the manufacturing industry, reduce the production and operation costs of enterprises and enhance the profitability of the manufacturing industry. Strengthen the guarantee of land, energy and other factors for manufacturing investment. Innovate and improve equity and bond financing tools for manufacturing enterprises.

(xiii) Continuing to promote investment in key areas to make up for shortcomings

Accelerate the construction of transport infrastructure. Improve the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network with railways as the mainstay, roads as the foundation, and water transport and civil aviation giving full play to their comparative advantages, promote the construction of the main skeleton of "6 axes, 7 corridors and 8 channels", and enhance inter-regional, inter-city and inter-provincial transport links. Strengthen the construction of strategic backbone corridors in central and western regions and along rivers and coasts, orderly promote the upgrading and expansion of capacity-constrained corridors, and strengthen interconnection with neighbouring countries. Accelerate the construction of the national railway network, complete the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed railway main corridors, orderly promote the construction of regional links, and speed up the construction of general-speed railways and the renovation and upgrading of existing railways. Support key city clusters to take the lead in building inter-city railway networks, and promote the development of urban (suburban) railways and urban railways in key metropolitan areas and their integration with mainline railways. Improve the backbone of the highway network, upgrade the quality of the national highway network, accelerate the construction of inter-provincial highways, and promote the completion and upgrading of bottleneck sections of ordinary national and provincial highways. Continue to promote the construction of "four good rural roads". Strengthen the aviation network, accelerate the construction of international and regional hub airports, actively promote the construction of regional airports and general-purpose airports, and promote the creation of world-class airport clusters in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and Chengdu-Chongqing. Enhance the comprehensive advantages of water transport, promote the construction of world-class port clusters in coastal Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area, support the construction of an international shipping centre, and accelerate the construction of a network of high-grade waterways on the Yangtze River and other inland rivers. Build a multi-level and integrated comprehensive transportation hub system.

Strengthen the construction of energy infrastructure. Improve the safety and intelligence of power grids, optimize the layout of power production and transmission channels, improve the layout and structure of the main grid, orderly build key projects for cross-provincial and cross-regional transmission channels, actively promote the transformation of distribution grids and the construction of rural grids, and enhance the capacity of transmission and distribution to remote areas. Optimize the structure of coal production and transportation, promote the intelligent and green development of coal mines, optimize the construction of the five major coal supply guarantee bases in western Mongolia, eastern Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Xinjiang, and improve the capacity of coal railway transportation. Accelerate the construction of national trunk oil and gas pipelines, and promote the planning and construction of liquefied natural gas receiving stations and liquefied natural gas refilling stations for vehicles and vessels in an intensive and orderly manner. Significantly improve the level of clean energy use, build multi-energy complementary clean energy bases, and accelerate the construction of large wind power and photovoltaic bases with a focus on desert, Gobi and desert areas. Coordinate the promotion of ultra-low emission and energy-saving renovation of existing coal power units, and enhance the level of clean and efficient development of coal power. Promote the construction of a new type of power system to enhance the capacity of clean energy consumption and storage.

Accelerate the construction of water conservancy infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a comprehensive water network that integrates flood prevention and mitigation, water resources allocation and water ecology protection to enhance national water security capabilities. Promote the construction of comprehensive water conservancy hubs and storage projects, based on the overall and spatially balanced allocation of water resources in the basin, accelerate the construction of cross-basin and cross-regional water resources allocation projects, and implement water diversion and transfer projects that are important to regional development, to enhance the ability to optimise the allocation of water resources. Strengthen the construction of water-saving infrastructure. Enhance the capacity for flood and drought disaster prevention, accelerate the completion of the shortcomings of flood prevention for large rivers and lakes, promote the construction of embankment reinforcement, river training, control projects and flood storage areas, and strengthen the management of small and medium-sized rivers, prevention and control of flash floods and the de-risking and strengthening of diseased reservoirs. Promote the construction of water supply, irrigation and water source projects, and strengthen joint dispatching between water supply regions. Villages around towns and cities can be incorporated into the urban water supply system in areas where conditions permit. Strengthen the construction of small and medium-sized water supply projects in rural areas and the protection of drinking water sources, and promote the construction and modernisation of large and medium-sized irrigation areas. Promote the construction of large seawater desalination facilities in coastal water-scarce cities.

Improve the logistics infrastructure network. Coordinate the layout and construction of national logistics hubs, national backbone cold chain logistics bases and model logistics parks, optimize the backbone logistics infrastructure network at the national level, improve the capacity of cross-regional logistics services and support the construction of a modern logistics operation system of "channel + hub + network". Optimise the network of trade logistics facilities supported by integrated logistics parks, professional distribution centres and end distribution outlets. Accelerate the construction of cold chain logistics facilities for the storage and preservation of agricultural products at the origin, improve the level of coverage of the network of cold chain facilities in urban and rural areas, and promote the full coverage of the cold chain for food production, marketing and supply.

Increase the construction of ecological and environmental protection facilities. Comprehensively upgrade the level of ecological and environmental infrastructure, build an environmental infrastructure system that integrates sewage, rubbish, solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste treatment and disposal facilities and monitoring and supervision capabilities, and form an environmental infrastructure network that extends from cities to established towns and villages. Implement major projects to protect and restore important ecosystems. Promote the establishment of an ecological protection compensation system. Comprehensively promote the efficient use of resources and build eco-friendly facilities that promote higher levels of clean energy use and lower carbon dioxide emissions.

Improve social and livelihood infrastructure. Make up for the shortcomings in the construction of the medical field, improve the urban infectious disease treatment network, comprehensively enhance the treatment capacity of county hospitals, continuously improve the conditions of county hospitals' facilities, make up for the basic medical equipment equipped in township health centres and village health offices, comprehensively improve the conditions of facilities and equipment of disease control institutions, improve the public health prevention and control system at ports, and improve the public health prevention and control and treatment capacity. Accelerate the shortage of educational resources, strengthen the construction of educational infrastructure and improve the conditions of schools at all levels. Increase the number of inclusive elderly care and medical and nursing care service facilities. Improve facilities for maternal and child health services, and actively plan and build institutions and facilities for infant and child care and the protection of minors. Upgrade the level of public cultural facilities at the county level and strengthen the construction of facilities such as radio and television transmission coverage. Accelerate the construction of high-quality, distinctive tourist attractions, resorts and recreational areas. Upgrade the level of sports venue facilities and continuously improve fitness facilities around the masses.

(xiv) Systematic layout of new infrastructure

Accelerate the construction of information infrastructure. Build a high-speed, ubiquitous, integrated, interconnected, secure and efficient information infrastructure, and enhance data sensing, transmission, storage and computing capabilities. Accelerate the construction of the Internet of Things, industrial Internet, satellite Internet and gigabit optical network, build an integrated national data centre system, lay out and build national hub nodes of big data centres, promote the extensive and in-depth application of artificial intelligence and cloud computing, and promote the mutual integration and intelligent allocation of "cloud, network and end" resource elements. To enhance the service capacity of the national wide area quantum confidentiality communication backbone network in a demand-oriented manner.

Comprehensive development of convergence infrastructure. Promote the deep integration of 5G, artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies with transportation and logistics, energy, ecological and environmental protection, water conservancy, emergency response and public services, and help improve the governance capacity of relevant industries. Support the use of 5G technology to transform and upgrade cable TV networks. Actively and steadily develop vehicle networking.

Lay out innovation infrastructure in a forward-looking manner. Support the construction of regional innovation heights in places with the conditions to do so, and appropriately lay out and build major science and technology infrastructure ahead of schedule. Optimize and upgrade industrial innovation infrastructure such as national industrial innovation centres, national manufacturing innovation centres, national engineering research centres and national technology innovation centres, and strengthen the supply of common basic technologies.

 V. Promote coordinated development of urban and rural areas to unleash the potential of domestic demand

 Urbanisation is an important support for the expansion of domestic demand. The strategy to expand domestic demand and the new type of urbanisation strategy should be linked in an orderly manner so that they can become an important driving force for economic development. Promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas is an important measure to release the potential of domestic demand and promote industrial upgrading. We will adhere to the national strategy, fully implement the rural revitalisation strategy, adhere to the implementation of major regional strategies and coordinated regional development strategies, enhance the integrity and coordination of development, and fully release the potential momentum of domestic demand.

(xv) Promoting a new type of urbanization with people at its core

Promote the civicisation of the migrant agricultural population. Deepen the reform of the household registration system, establish a sound system for providing basic public services in the place of regular residence, promote the full integration of the agricultural transfer population into cities and improve the quality of citizenship. Improve the policy of linking financial transfer payments to the citizenship of the agricultural transfer population. In accordance with the law, the Government will protect the rights of farmers who have settled in cities to contract rural land, use their residential bases and distribute collective income, establish a market system for the transfer of rural property rights, and improve the market-based exit mechanism and supporting policies for the "three rights" of farmers.

Foster city clusters and metropolitan areas. Promote the construction of urban agglomerations such as the twin-city economic circle in the Chengdu-Chongqing region, improve the institutional mechanism for the integrated development of urban agglomerations, and co-ordinate and promote the coordinated layout of infrastructure, industrial division of labour and collaboration, public service sharing, and ecological and environmental co-governance. Relying on central cities with strong radiation-driving capacity, improve the level of coordinated development of commuting circles and cultivate the development of modern metropolitan areas with a high degree of co-location. Promote the slimming and strengthening of mega megacities, and strictly control the disorderly expansion of the size of central cities. Improve the functions of large and medium-sized cities for living and working, and support the cultivation of new small and medium-sized cities. We will improve the urban system, strengthen the ecological restoration and functional improvement of cities in accordance with the law, and reasonably determine the scale, population density and spatial structure of cities.

Promote the construction of urbanisation with the county town as an important carrier. Promote the upgrading and expansion of public services, environmental sanitation, municipal utilities and industrial support facilities in county cities to enhance their comprehensive carrying capacity and governance capabilities. Encourage the accelerated development of county towns in the eastern urbanised areas, support the construction of county towns in the central, western and north-eastern urbanised areas, and reasonably guide the construction of county towns in the main agricultural-producing areas and key ecological function areas. Guide the development of small towns in a categorical manner according to their location, resource endowment and development foundation. Promote the standardised and healthy development of characteristic towns.

Promote the planning and construction of urban facilities and urban renewal. Strengthen the systematic construction of municipal water, electricity, gas, roads, heat and telecommunications, promote the construction of facilities such as underground integrated corridors and sponge cities, strengthen the management of urban flooding, strengthen the construction of urban sewage and waste collection and treatment systems, and build liveable, innovative, intelligent, green, humanistic and resilient cities. Strengthen the renovation of old urban areas and community construction, make up for the shortcomings of residential community facilities and improve the community living environment. Accelerate the seismic strengthening and renovation of housing facilities in earthquake-prone areas and strengthen urban safety monitoring. Strengthen the protection of history and culture, shape the urban landscape and continue the city's historical heritage.

(xvi) Active promotion of rural modernisation

Implement village construction actions. Comprehensive consideration of village evolution rules, clustering characteristics, current distribution, combined with the radius of farmers' production and life, to reasonably determine the layout and scale of villages. Improve rural infrastructure and comprehensive service facilities, upgrade the quality of farm houses and strict safety standards for building houses. Strengthen the construction of rural ecological civilisation and the improvement of rural habitat. Promote the change of customs and traditions in rural areas. Strengthen the protection of cultural heritage in rural areas, protect traditional villages, ethnic villages and rural style, so that residents can see the mountains, see the water and remember their nostalgia.

Improve the rural market system. Improve the circulation network for agricultural products, strengthen the construction of rural trade systems, and smooth the two-way circulation channels for industrial products to the countryside and agricultural products to the city. Improve the county-level logistics nodes as the core, township service stations as the skeleton, village-level end outlets as an extension of the county and rural three-level logistics node facility system, and improve rural e-commerce supporting services. Cultivate agricultural product network brands. Promote rural residents to upgrade their consumption of cars, home appliances, furniture and home furnishings. Guiding the introduction of new urban consumption patterns and models in the county to fully meet the personalised, diversified and medium- to high-end consumption needs of county and rural residents. Continuously crack down on counterfeit and shoddy products in accordance with the law and regulate the order of the rural market.

Enriching the rural economy. In-depth implementation of the strategy of promoting quality agriculture, promoting the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, high-quality development of modern agricultural products processing industry, and